What are subsea structures?
Subsea structures are underwater constructions installed on the seabed as foundations, support and protection for subsea oil and gas processing equipment as wells, Xmas trees, connection systems, piping and valves.
What is a subsea template?
A subsea template is a large steel structure which is used as a base for various subsea structures such as wells and subsea trees and manifolds.
What are subsea operations?
Subsea is fully submerged ocean equipment, operations or applications, especially when some distance offshore, in deep ocean waters, or on the seabed.
What is a subsea tree?
Subsea tree (wet trees) is a system of valves, flow paths, piping, and connectors installed on a subsea wellhead to contain and control the flow of fluid from a reservoir or from the surface by injection.
What is subsea processing?
Subsea processing (SSP) can be defined as any handling and treatment of the produced fluids for mitigating flow assurance issues prior to reaching the platform or onshore.
What is the difference between a PLET and a PLEM?
The Pipeline End Termination (PLET) comprises a single pipeline connection only, while the Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) is supporting two or more pipeline connections. A “pipe-to-pipe connection” can take place when a riser is connected to a subsea installed pipeline, or when an export flowline is connected to a spool.
What is a template offshore?
A template is used in order to easily tie in production from several wells. Consequently, the wells are closely spaced relative to each other. The template is a steel frame with slots for each well and supporting legs. It is lowered down and anchored to the sea floor .
What is a subsea SDU?
The SDU (Subsea Distribution Unit) is located subsea and provides the hydraulic, chemical, fiber optic and electrical distribution between the SUTA (Subsea Umbilical Termination Assembly) and the rest of the subsea system.
What is subsea control system?
The subsea production control system is defined as the control system operating a subsea production system during production operations according to ISO 13628-6 [9].
What does subsea stand for?
Systematic Underwater Biogeochemical Science and Exploration Analog
The project pulling together ocean and space is called SUBSEA, which stands for Systematic Underwater Biogeochemical Science and Exploration Analog.
Which is the basic type of subsea tree?
High Pressure High Temperature Trees (HPHT) are able to survive in rough environments, such as the North Sea. HPHT trees are designed for pressures up to 16,500 psi and temperatures ranging from -33 C to 175 C. Other subsea trees include horizontal trees, mudline suspension trees, monobore trees and large bore trees.
What is a subsea control module?
Subsea control module or control pod
The control pod is the interface between the control lines, supplying hydraulic and electric power and signals from the host facility, and the subsea equipment to be monitored and controlled.
What is subsea in oil and gas industry?
Subsea production system refers to the whole of equipment and structures that are located on or below or buried in the seafloor for the production of oil or gas from, or for the injection of fluids into, a field under an offshore production site, and includes: production risers, flow lines and associated production …
What is a subsea engineer?
Subsea engineering is a multidisciplinary field that is broadly responsible for the design, construction, installation and operation of offshore oil and gas fields and offshore wind farms. Expertise or understanding of the many engineering disciplines needed to develop these offshore fields is required.
What is PLEM in offshore?
The Oil States Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) and Pipeline End Termination (PLET) systems are typically used in new construction where a pipeline terminates or needs to be jumpered to another location, such as an FPSO, refinery, holding tank, etc. A PLET is the end or termination of a pipeline.
What is PLEM valve?
The PLEM valve is controlled using a single-acting, hydraulically operated actuator, powered open by a HPU mounted on the CALM buoy and connected by umbilical. The valve is held open by hydraulic pressure and fails safe via the actuator’s spring when the hydraulic pressure to the actuator is lost.
What is drill template?
Drilling templates are reports of machining. They are output in the form of a PDF file, and contain an illustration of the items and drill holes that generate the items from a drilling pattern or, manually placed, on the basic item. The drill holes are dimensioned, and contain coordinate information.
What is a template in oil and gas?
What is SDU in oil and gas?
Subsea Distribution Unit (SDU)
An SDU is a distribution center for the umbilicals to several trees, and is mainly used in deep waters.
What is a subsea UTA?
Our Umbilical Termination Assemblies (UTAs) are configured based on customer requirements and provide subsea connection solutions. The modular designs rely on a standard parts catalog developed based on past project requirements and are equipped to meet the majority of our customers’ requirements.
What is subsea infrastructure?
Subsea infrastructure encompasses one or more subsea wells and the subsystems necessary to extract hydrocarbons. To replace dwindling reserves from onshore fields or from offshore wells drilled in shallow waters, many E&P companies are turning to their deepwater prospects.
Who is a subsea engineer?
Subsea Engineers are responsible for the design and installation of equipment and structures below the surface of the sea. Provides technical and engineering support and guidance to offshore or on site teams. Manages the installation of wellheads on the seabed and the flowlines joining them to the platform.
How does a subsea well work?
Subsea well control
Surface holes are normally drilled with weighted water-based muds using seawater wherever possible. As the wells are drilled deeper, hole parameters will change to higher pressures and temperatures. For the most part, water-based drilling fluids are switched over to synthetic oil-based (SOBM) muds.
How do control modules work?
The body control module receives data from the input devices and controls the output devices based on this data. For instance, when the user presses the power window switch, the car’s battery sends power to the BCM unit, to communicate with the ignition module.
What are control modules?
A control module is a collection of sensors, actuators and basic control logic that acts as either a regulating device, a state-oriented device or a combination that is operated as a single device. Examples of control modules are PID controllers and block valve controllers (refer Figure 4.8).